市场资讯及洞察
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自GPT点燃人工智能产业浪潮以来,全球资本市场的叙事重心几经转移。从最初的核心算力芯片,到高带宽存储,再到电力与散热基础设施,每一个阶段都有相应的硬件赛道成为市场焦点。而当前,聚光灯正照向一个曾经相对边缘的环节——光通信与光模块。而这轮的炒作也是AI硬件演进至2026年后物理极限倒逼的必然结果。理解这一逻辑,有助于把握当前AI产业链的核心瓶颈所在。
一、算力瓶颈的递进:从“算力荒”到“互联墙”
回顾AI硬件投资的脉络,每一次瓶颈的转移都催生出一批核心受益标的。
2023年:算力荒。 大模型密集发布阶段,最稀缺的资源是算力芯片。英伟达的GPU与掌握CoWoS先进封装产能的台积电,成为产业链的绝对核心。
2024年:内存墙与电力墙。 算力提升后,数据传输速度成为新的制约因素;同时,大规模集群运行带来显著的电力负荷压力。HBM(如SK海力士)和液冷温控(如维谛技术)解决方案因此迎来高速增长。
2025-2026年:互联墙。 这是当前阶段的核心瓶颈。AI算力集群已从万卡级别扩张至十万卡级别,GPU之间的数据交换量呈指数级增长。网络连接一旦拥堵,庞大的算力投资将无法有效释放。如何实现GPU之间的极速互联,便成为光通信产业链成为超级主线的底层逻辑。
二、光模块的核心驱动力:从“按年迭代”到“按月推进”
在超算中心内部,光模块承担着连接GPU的“数据通道”功能。其爆发式增长可归纳为三大核心驱动力:
(一)铜缆的物理极限。 在传统的短距离传输中,铜缆尚可胜任。但在当前800G甚至1.6T的超高传输速率下,铜缆的有效传输距离受到严格限制。在长距高速互联场景中,“光进铜退”已成为不可逆转的技术方向。需要说明的是,在机架内极短距离互联场景下,铜缆方案依然具备成本和低功耗优势,如英伟达GB200 NVL72即采用高速铜缆背板互联方案,铜缆连接数量高达5,184根。不过,随着GPU集群规模的持续扩大,铜缆在高速条件下的传输距离限制日益凸显,光通信方案的重要性正在快速提升。
(二)高速迭代与市场规模跃升。 在传统通信时代,光模块速率从100G提升至400G往往耗时数年。而在AI时代,云厂商直接以订单推动交付节奏。据Lightcounting测算,2026年全球光模块数据通市场规模预计达228亿美元,2026至2030年复合增速约为20%。中金公司指出,2026年全球光模块已进入800G全面普及、1.6T规模商用阶段,头部厂商中际旭创与新易盛已启动1.6T光模块的小批量出货。高端新品订单消化速度较快,叠加硅光方案带来的BOM成本下降,推动相关企业毛利率稳中有升。
(三)硅光子与CPO:技术迭代的下一阶段。 为满足高带宽、低功耗的系统需求,硅光子技术和光电共封装方案正成为产业格局重构的重要方向。银河证券数据显示,2026年800G光模块中硅光方案占比已超过50%,而在1.6T光模块中占比高达70%—80%。传统EML光芯片路线产能集中于海外,受限于磷化铟材料,2026年供给缺口较大,硅光方案成为缓解供应链压力的关键路径。与此同时,中金公司认为CPO已成为推动产业链新一轮升级的核心变量。
三、产业链格局:核心环节的定价权分布
在美股、A股与港股市场中,光通信产业链涉及多个细分环节,掌握核心定价权的公司各有侧重。
(一)美股:底层芯片与关键元器件的供应方
博通(Broadcom -AVGO)。 博通是光模块中DSP(数字信号处理器)芯片的核心供应商之一。高端DSP赛道呈现博通与Marvell双寡头垄断格局,双方凭借深厚的SerDes IP积累和PAM4编解码算法,几乎垄断了头部云厂商的1.6T DSP供应份额。1.6T主流方案中博通200G DSP表现较为突出,其400G DSP已发布上市,技术优势明显。但需注意,DSP先进制程芯片高度依赖台积电先进封装产能,台积电的产能排期直接影响高速光模块的放量节奏。
迈威尔科技(Marvell -MRVL)。 Marvell通过收购Inphi进入DSP市场,是博通在这一领域的主要竞争对手。在1.6T DSP供应格局中,Marvell与博通共同构成双寡头垄断。
Astera Labs(ALAB)。 该公司专注于PCIe Retimer芯片,解决单台服务器内部GPU与CPU之间的数据拥堵问题。其Aries PCIe重定时器产品线已被整合进英伟达Hopper平台,服务于主要美国超大规模数据中心客户。
(二)A股:封装与量产能力的集中地
中际旭创(300308.SZ)。 中际旭创是全球光模块领域的龙头供应商,其核心竞争优势在于新品导入能力和量产良率控制。从产业链动态来看,英伟达、谷歌、微软等全球顶级科技公司均在光通信领域展开积极布局,中际旭创作为核心供应商深度受益于这一趋势。公司800G光模块产品市占率连续两年位居全球第一,硅光技术的渗透率已超过一半。
天孚通信(300394.SZ)。 天孚通信在光器件领域拥有领先的精密封装和集成能力,是全球光器件行业的重要供应商之一。公司1.6T相关光引擎业务持续向好,已实现1.6T光引擎的规模量产。在前沿技术领域,公司前瞻布局CPO配套光器件,储备有高密度多通道FAU、ELS外置光源模组等核心产品,并持续布局硅光等下一代技术路线。
新易盛(300502.SZ)。 新易盛是光模块领域的另一家核心供应商,已具备800G及以上光模块的规模化量产能力,并成功批量交付最新一代1.6T产品。公司正积极推进3.2T、6.4T及12.8T等更高速率产品的研发。
(三)港股和相关企业
鸿腾精密(06088.HK)。 鸿腾精密业务中高速铜缆背板连接方案是机柜内短距离互联的有效路径之一。其增长受益于算力集群内部互联需求,但在光通信核心产品领域布局相对有限,与A股光模块龙头公司的主体业务存在差异。
长光华芯、索尔思光电等。 在EML光芯片领域,国内光芯片企业正在加速突围。长光华芯、索尔思光电具备IDM能力,正快速推进高端EML的送样与量产,成为填补海外供给缺口的重要力量。
四、展望:光通信之后的市场焦点
当光模块环节的认知趋于成熟,AI硬件演进的下一阶段或将引领资本市场的新一轮方向
端侧推理芯片:大模型推理请求若全部依赖云端处理,网络延迟与电力成本将面临较大压力。推进AI向终端迁移、实现本地推理已成为产业共识。端侧推理芯片有望迎来规模化落地的关键窗口期。
先进封装基板: 当前AI芯片封装面积不断扩大、功能复杂度持续提升,已逐步逼近有机基板的物理极限。玻璃基板具备低热膨胀系数、高平整度、低翘曲、高密度布线等优势,有望成为先进封装的下一个关键材料,延续封装密度和集成规模的进一步提升。从技术进展看,英特尔于2026年CES发布了首款采用玻璃核心基板进行量产的Xeon 6+处理器,苹果也已开始测试先进玻璃基板用于AI服务器芯片。台积电正加速推进玻璃基板与FOPLP融合方案,并计划于2026年建成迷你产线。
具身智能硬件: 大模型若缺乏物理交互能力,将无法完全作用于物理世界。当AI开始尝试与环境发生交互时,高精度六维力矩传感器、无框力矩电机、行星滚柱丝杠等机器人核心零部件也将随之迎来大规模资本涌入的重要拐点。
结语
从算力芯片到存储,从散热到互联,AI硬件瓶颈的每一次转移都带来新的投资主线。光通信与光模块作为当前“互联墙”环节的核心受益领域,其产业景气仍处于上行通道。中长期来看,端侧推理、先进封装与具身智能硬件亦是值得关注的方向。


USD was firmly in the red in Tuesdays session, with the US Dollar Index (DXY) having it’s largest drop since mid-July. A rally in DXY during the Asian and early European session dramatically reversed after big misses on the JOLTS report and consumer confidence saw a dovish repricing in rates markets and a risk-on back in charge. Stocks rallied and the Dollar tumbled throughout the rest of the session.
DXY hitting lows of 103.36, breaking through the minor R/S level of 103.60 after testing the major resistance zone of the May/June/August highs. DXY now sitting on its upward trendline which has been in play since mid-July, which so far has lent some support. Looking ahead today there will be more jobs data (ADP) and Prelim GDP for USD traders to navigate.
AUD, NZD and EUR were all firmer against the USD. High beta AUD and NZD were the clear outperformers while EUR saw similar gains, all benefitting from USD weakness and a risk-on environment as opposed to anything currency specific. AUD was also given an extra boost by gains in iron ore.
AUDUSD hit a high of 0.6487, testing last week’s highs and the resistance just below the psychological 0.6500 level. NZDUSD up to 0.5977 also pushing to the highs of its recent range. Ahead today a pivotal CPI figure out of Australia may see some of these levels tested.
EURUSD hit highs of 1.0891, retaking the support level at 1.0840 and looking to test the big figure at 1.09 to the upside. Eurozone inflation figures out of Germany and Spain released later today will be the main risk events for EUR traders. JPY rallied against the USD later in the session on the retreat of US Treasury yields after weak US data.
Earlier in the session though USDJPY breached the August highs resistance level to trade up to a high of 147.38 (which was its highest level since November) before the aforementioned weak US data and move lower in UST yields saw a dramatic reversal. BoJ intervention on the Yen still on the back of JPY traders’ minds. Today’s calendar has some decent risk events likely to cause volatility in FX markets, starting with Aussie CPI, then CPI readings from the Eurozone and topped off with GDP and more jobs data out of the US.


Despite runaway US treasury yields which saw 10-year yields hit their highest level since 2007, the USD was flat in Monday’s session as it seems improved risk sentiment and a technically overbought Dollar Index (DXY)held it in check. DXY traded within a tight range with a low of 103.13 and a high of 103.50, where it was again rejected at the major resistance set at the July and August to date highs. USD traders focus today will be on FedSpeak from Bowman, Goolsbee, and Barkin whose comments will be closely watched ahead of Jackson Hole later in the week.
EUR was the outperforming major currency, with EURUSD pushing hard to reclaim the psychological 1.09 level but failing to hold convincingly above. Another headline to hit the wires was HSBC giving a bullish take on the EUR "in part built on the idea of upside for the EUR from overly dovish rate expectations for the ECB". They noted that while headline inflation figures are cooling, core inflation is proving stickier.
JPY resumed its march lower on Monday, reversing its 2-day rally from late last week. The jump higher in US yields saw carry traders back in action taking the USDJPY back above 146.00 from lows of 145.15. A note from JP Morgan stated that they believe the MoF will not intervene in the FX market at around 145 level as they did previously, with JPM analysts believing the threshold level for BoJ intervention being around 150 level.
AUD and NZD saw marginal gains vs the USD with the Kiwi the lagging vs the Aussie after New Zealand trade figures showed a deficit of 1.1bln in July, vs the prior surplus of 9mln. AUDUSD reclaimed the big figure at 0.6400, AUDNZD holding above the key 1.0800 level. A quiet calendar ahead today for both AUD and NZD, with general market sentiment likely to be the main drivers in price action for the rest of the week.


The AUD/USD pair has had a tough month, falling relatively consistently since mid-July. This decline can be attributed to several factors, most notably the strengthening of the USD driven by the Federal Reserve's firm commitment to ‘higher for longer’ rates, aimed at taming inflation to meet target levels. Another contributing factor to the AUD's descent is the sluggish pace of China's economic recovery.
As China grapples with a gradual rebound, the demand for Australian exports, a crucial driver for the AUD, has been hampered. Despite the challenges, The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) maintains room for action in its ongoing battle against inflation. This leaves the door ajar for the possibility of further rate hikes, which could potentially be positive for the AUD.
From a technical standpoint, the AUD/USD pair finds itself positioned at a critical support level. Having proven its resilience in late May as a support zone, traders will be watching to see if it will hold again. If this level fails, there is plenty of room to the downside for the pair, with the next major support level at around $0.62.
Key news events upcoming this week that could be a catalyst for the pair will be US Retail Sales on Tuesday and Aussie unemployment figures Thursday.


A -3.5% slide in AAPL stock price pre-market is seeing the tech giant looking to continue this weeks sell-off after a Bloomberg report that Chinese authorities plan to broaden iPhone restrictions to a number of state-owned companies and other government-affiliated entities. This comes after Wednesday saw the largest one day drop in AAPL stock in over month after the initial plans for the Chinese ban was reported by the Wall St Journal. The Chinese-US tech war seems to be escalating as China attempts to prop up it’s domestic chip makers in the face of US sanctions and reduce its reliance on Western technology, with AAPL an unwitting victim.
AAPL technical analysis: The pre-market currently is showing an AAPL open price of 176.50 a hefty 3.5% lower from yesterdays close of 182.91, this will see the price open below the key technical level of the 100 Day MA and making 8 day lows. Coming into play as well will be the support level of the August lows, after a down move started by a disappointing earnings report in early August. Another key level to the upside is the resistance level of the earnings gap fill, where a rally in AAPL stalled before this recent China induced sell-off.
As dire as the chart looks at the moment, there is some good news for AAPL bulls with some analysts seeing this sell-off as an overreaction as the Chinese ban will only effect 500,000 out of 45M iPhones after AAPL has seen massive share gains recently of the Chinese smartphone market. If we see support at and a hold of the post earnings August lows, a rebound in AAPL is certainly on the cards.


The recent resilience in AUDUSD, which has seen the pair bounce off and hold stubbornly above the 0.6400 major support level came to a dramatic end in today’s session. Risk aversion, disappointing PMI figures out of China and a hold in rates from the RBA all contributing to a break down in the exchange rate seeing AUDUSD break the recent support levels and hit its lowest level since November 2022. Looking at key levels to watch in AUDUSD the 0.6400 will be key in the short term, this is a major S/R level (as most big figures are in AUDUSD) a retake and hold of this level would cement the recovery in AUDUSD and likely a move higher to re-test the 0.6500 resistance level, however if this level is tested and is confirmed as a new resistance level a further move to the downside to test key support levels is a probability.
These key levels are: Daily trendline support around 0.6320 November 2022 lows 0.6275 Major support at the big 0.6200 figure. Also an RSI under 30, indicating an extreme oversold market, the RSI has been a good indicator of turning points in AUDUSD in the recent past. Key risk events ahead for AUD will be Australian Q2 GDP released on Wednesday, July’s Trade Balance on Thursday and Chinese CPI figures released on Saturday.
AUD traders will need to keep an eye on those key levels over these announcements.


The RBA minutes of their June meeting where another surprise hike had most of the market off side were released today, and they were surprisingly dovish. The board made clear the decision between a hike and hold was finely balanced and seems to suggest further hikes may require a high bar for inflation readings to sway them. AUD reaction was swift with AUDUSD selling off around 50 pips as the sellers finally took charge after a grinding rally upwards in AUD that had made nervous wrecks of the shorts.
The Key level of 0.6800 on the AUDUSD has again come into play, with it being almost impenetrable resistance at the top of the AUDUSD range, now it seems as is quite often the case, turning into major support. Drilling down to the 5 minute chart the buying support at 0.68 is obvious, with a decent bounce and hold of 0.6800 as the RSI reading moved into oversold territory. These technical levels will likely drive price action in todays remaining session, no further news is scheduled for Australia and the US calendar is extremely light after their long weekend.
For short term technical traders of the AUDUSD the 0.6800 level is key. Long above, short below while this level remains a major resistance/support level.
