市场资讯及洞察
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自GPT点燃人工智能产业浪潮以来，全球资本市场的叙事重心几经转移。从最初的核心算力芯片，到高带宽存储，再到电力与散热基础设施，每一个阶段都有相应的硬件赛道成为市场焦点。而当前，聚光灯正照向一个曾经相对边缘的环节——光通信与光模块。而这轮的炒作也是AI硬件演进至2026年后物理极限倒逼的必然结果。理解这一逻辑，有助于把握当前AI产业链的核心瓶颈所在。
一、算力瓶颈的递进：从“算力荒”到“互联墙”
回顾AI硬件投资的脉络，每一次瓶颈的转移都催生出一批核心受益标的。
2023年：算力荒。 大模型密集发布阶段，最稀缺的资源是算力芯片。英伟达的GPU与掌握CoWoS先进封装产能的台积电，成为产业链的绝对核心。
2024年：内存墙与电力墙。 算力提升后，数据传输速度成为新的制约因素；同时，大规模集群运行带来显著的电力负荷压力。HBM（如SK海力士）和液冷温控（如维谛技术）解决方案因此迎来高速增长。
2025-2026年：互联墙。 这是当前阶段的核心瓶颈。AI算力集群已从万卡级别扩张至十万卡级别，GPU之间的数据交换量呈指数级增长。网络连接一旦拥堵，庞大的算力投资将无法有效释放。如何实现GPU之间的极速互联，便成为光通信产业链成为超级主线的底层逻辑。
二、光模块的核心驱动力：从“按年迭代”到“按月推进”
在超算中心内部，光模块承担着连接GPU的“数据通道”功能。其爆发式增长可归纳为三大核心驱动力：
（一）铜缆的物理极限。 在传统的短距离传输中，铜缆尚可胜任。但在当前800G甚至1.6T的超高传输速率下，铜缆的有效传输距离受到严格限制。在长距高速互联场景中，“光进铜退”已成为不可逆转的技术方向。需要说明的是，在机架内极短距离互联场景下，铜缆方案依然具备成本和低功耗优势，如英伟达GB200 NVL72即采用高速铜缆背板互联方案，铜缆连接数量高达5,184根。不过，随着GPU集群规模的持续扩大，铜缆在高速条件下的传输距离限制日益凸显，光通信方案的重要性正在快速提升。
（二）高速迭代与市场规模跃升。 在传统通信时代，光模块速率从100G提升至400G往往耗时数年。而在AI时代，云厂商直接以订单推动交付节奏。据Lightcounting测算，2026年全球光模块数据通市场规模预计达228亿美元，2026至2030年复合增速约为20%。中金公司指出，2026年全球光模块已进入800G全面普及、1.6T规模商用阶段，头部厂商中际旭创与新易盛已启动1.6T光模块的小批量出货。高端新品订单消化速度较快，叠加硅光方案带来的BOM成本下降，推动相关企业毛利率稳中有升。
（三）硅光子与CPO：技术迭代的下一阶段。 为满足高带宽、低功耗的系统需求，硅光子技术和光电共封装方案正成为产业格局重构的重要方向。银河证券数据显示，2026年800G光模块中硅光方案占比已超过50%，而在1.6T光模块中占比高达70%—80%。传统EML光芯片路线产能集中于海外，受限于磷化铟材料，2026年供给缺口较大，硅光方案成为缓解供应链压力的关键路径。与此同时，中金公司认为CPO已成为推动产业链新一轮升级的核心变量。
三、产业链格局：核心环节的定价权分布
在美股、A股与港股市场中，光通信产业链涉及多个细分环节，掌握核心定价权的公司各有侧重。
（一）美股：底层芯片与关键元器件的供应方
博通（Broadcom -AVGO）。 博通是光模块中DSP（数字信号处理器）芯片的核心供应商之一。高端DSP赛道呈现博通与Marvell双寡头垄断格局，双方凭借深厚的SerDes IP积累和PAM4编解码算法，几乎垄断了头部云厂商的1.6T DSP供应份额。1.6T主流方案中博通200G DSP表现较为突出，其400G DSP已发布上市，技术优势明显。但需注意，DSP先进制程芯片高度依赖台积电先进封装产能，台积电的产能排期直接影响高速光模块的放量节奏。
迈威尔科技（Marvell -MRVL）。 Marvell通过收购Inphi进入DSP市场，是博通在这一领域的主要竞争对手。在1.6T DSP供应格局中，Marvell与博通共同构成双寡头垄断。
Astera Labs（ALAB）。 该公司专注于PCIe Retimer芯片，解决单台服务器内部GPU与CPU之间的数据拥堵问题。其Aries PCIe重定时器产品线已被整合进英伟达Hopper平台，服务于主要美国超大规模数据中心客户。
（二）A股：封装与量产能力的集中地
中际旭创（300308.SZ）。 中际旭创是全球光模块领域的龙头供应商，其核心竞争优势在于新品导入能力和量产良率控制。从产业链动态来看，英伟达、谷歌、微软等全球顶级科技公司均在光通信领域展开积极布局，中际旭创作为核心供应商深度受益于这一趋势。公司800G光模块产品市占率连续两年位居全球第一，硅光技术的渗透率已超过一半。
天孚通信（300394.SZ）。 天孚通信在光器件领域拥有领先的精密封装和集成能力，是全球光器件行业的重要供应商之一。公司1.6T相关光引擎业务持续向好，已实现1.6T光引擎的规模量产。在前沿技术领域，公司前瞻布局CPO配套光器件，储备有高密度多通道FAU、ELS外置光源模组等核心产品，并持续布局硅光等下一代技术路线。
新易盛（300502.SZ）。 新易盛是光模块领域的另一家核心供应商，已具备800G及以上光模块的规模化量产能力，并成功批量交付最新一代1.6T产品。公司正积极推进3.2T、6.4T及12.8T等更高速率产品的研发。
（三）港股和相关企业
鸿腾精密（06088.HK）。 鸿腾精密业务中高速铜缆背板连接方案是机柜内短距离互联的有效路径之一。其增长受益于算力集群内部互联需求，但在光通信核心产品领域布局相对有限，与A股光模块龙头公司的主体业务存在差异。
长光华芯、索尔思光电等。 在EML光芯片领域，国内光芯片企业正在加速突围。长光华芯、索尔思光电具备IDM能力，正快速推进高端EML的送样与量产，成为填补海外供给缺口的重要力量。
四、展望：光通信之后的市场焦点
当光模块环节的认知趋于成熟，AI硬件演进的下一阶段或将引领资本市场的新一轮方向
端侧推理芯片：大模型推理请求若全部依赖云端处理，网络延迟与电力成本将面临较大压力。推进AI向终端迁移、实现本地推理已成为产业共识。端侧推理芯片有望迎来规模化落地的关键窗口期。
先进封装基板： 当前AI芯片封装面积不断扩大、功能复杂度持续提升，已逐步逼近有机基板的物理极限。玻璃基板具备低热膨胀系数、高平整度、低翘曲、高密度布线等优势，有望成为先进封装的下一个关键材料，延续封装密度和集成规模的进一步提升。从技术进展看，英特尔于2026年CES发布了首款采用玻璃核心基板进行量产的Xeon 6+处理器，苹果也已开始测试先进玻璃基板用于AI服务器芯片。台积电正加速推进玻璃基板与FOPLP融合方案，并计划于2026年建成迷你产线。
具身智能硬件： 大模型若缺乏物理交互能力，将无法完全作用于物理世界。当AI开始尝试与环境发生交互时，高精度六维力矩传感器、无框力矩电机、行星滚柱丝杠等机器人核心零部件也将随之迎来大规模资本涌入的重要拐点。
结语
从算力芯片到存储，从散热到互联，AI硬件瓶颈的每一次转移都带来新的投资主线。光通信与光模块作为当前“互联墙”环节的核心受益领域，其产业景气仍处于上行通道。中长期来看，端侧推理、先进封装与具身智能硬件亦是值得关注的方向。
热门话题众所周知，上周日巴勒斯坦和以色列之间爆发了激烈的冲突。作为金融券商，我们的文章和评论尽量保持在市场和产品上。但是，毫无疑问，我们希望战争可以尽快停止，因为影响最大的还是两国和周边的百姓。
在谈论今天的话题之前，我们可以简单说一下以色列和盘踞在加沙地带的伊斯兰抵抗运动哈马斯的实力和背景。相信大家从这几天的文章和新闻里应该知道，目前的巴勒斯坦主要居民和各种抵抗运动，几乎都盘踞在只有4万平方公里的区域里，在这个区域里，水，电，燃料和几乎大部分成年人的工作，都依靠着以色列来提供。虽然巴以两国在过去几十年一直不断爆发冲突，但是毫无疑问，如果没有外界的帮助，哈马斯没有能力，也没有财力发动这么大规模的袭击。而且他们清楚地知道，在发射5000枚火箭弹和这么大规模的袭击后，将会迎来以色列猛烈的报复。但是为什么明知道会有巨大的报复，却还要一意孤行呢？毫无疑问，哈马斯和这次袭击背后的势力达成了某种桌下协议。如果我们从金融市场的变化来看，什么产品受到这次战争影响最大？那就是能源类产品，尤其是石油和天然气。
虽然以色列和巴勒斯坦都不是产油国，但是因为这次冲突，让原本计划好的事都泡汤了。我来给大家简单猜测一下大背景：我们知道从今年开始，美国从美联储到拜登政府，都在使用各种手段试图控制和缓和高涨的通胀。那么在通胀的统计中，一个重要因素就是交通开支，而美国由于民众普遍是以私家车作为出行工具，因此油价的高低会相当程度上影响民众手里的可支配收入。而假设美国国内的石油需求量保持稳定，那只有在石油的供应量上增加，才能导致最终价格的下跌。那要如何才能让石油的供应量上升呢？这其中自然就离不开以沙特领导的石油输出组织OPEC的支持。为了赢得沙特的支持，美国在过去12个月提供了各种优惠，但是其中最主要的两点就是：1.美国承诺继续保证沙特的国家安全。2. 美国默许沙特和伊朗这两个一直以来的仇敌建交。以及更重要的3. 美国做了以色列和沙特两边大量的工作，让这两个宗教上势如水火的国家之间准备开始建立外交关系，不再敌对和仇视。以换取沙特同意在石油产量上提高，帮助美国把通胀压下去。这个背景介绍相当重要。但是上周末巴勒斯坦对以色列的袭击，逼得作为阿拉伯世界领导的沙特出来表态，支持巴勒斯坦民众争取自己的合理权利。这样一来就直接得罪了以色列，也让即将开始准备建交的两国协议暂时泡汤。而作为全力支持以色列的美国，又必须表态支持以色列，这样一来让美国与阿拉伯世界关系也会紧张。那问题就来了，原本按计划沙特与以色列建交，沙特与伊朗建交之后，OPEC组织就会有序开始增产石油，帮助石油价格回落以控制通胀。如今战事一开，所有的计划泡汤。那原本说好的石油增产计划也就没戏了。这样一来，油价很有可能在未来一段时间都保持高位。那美国那边原本计划好的控制通胀的努力机会大打折扣。
通胀如果压不下去，大家猜会怎么办？那只能继续再加息。当然，现在从油价上涨这个结果来反推的话，得益方毫无疑问是产油国，包括伊朗和俄罗斯。而油价的上涨，对于急于要控制通货膨胀的美国，欧洲和澳洲而言，无疑不是个好消息。所以，结论是什么？答案很明显：美国和西方其他国家的通货膨胀很有可能会反弹，因此未来美元的加息将会导致美元继续走强，而非产油国的货币和美元相比将会继续走弱。尤其是澳元。铁矿石，中国经济，美元强弱。这三个影响澳元走势的最大因素里，如果出现两个因素不利于澳元，那你说，澳元会怎么走呢？石油价格的上涨，对于澳洲有房贷的朋友来说绝对不是个好消息。因为通胀的反弹，就意味着继续加息的可能不断加大。而澳洲目前的标准银行利息依然低于美国，因此从长期来看，澳元的弱势不会结束。美元，将会在很长一段时间里继续走强。免责声明：GO Markets分析师或外部发言人提供的信息基于其独立分析或个人经验。所表达的观点或交易风格仅代表其个人；并不代表GO Markets的观点或立场。联系方式：墨尔本 03 8658 0603悉尼 02 9188 0418中国地区(中文） 400 120 8537中国地区(英文） +248 4 671 903作者：Mike Huang | GO Markets 销售总监
World’s largest entertainment company The Waly Disney Company (NYSE: DIS) announced second quarter financial results ended April 1, 2023, after the market close on Wall Street on Wednesday. Company overview Founded: October 16, 1923 Headquarters: Team Disney Building, Walt Disney Studios, Burbank, California, United States Number of employees: 220,000 (2022) Industry: media, entertainment Key people: Mark Parker (chairman), Bob Iger (CEO) The results Walt Disney reported revenue of $21.815 billion for the quarter vs. $21.795 billion expected. Revenues were up by 13% vs. same period last year.
Earnings per share fell slightly short of expectations at $0.93 per share (down by 14% year-over-year) vs. $0.933 per share estimate. Disney+ subscribers fell from 161.8 million to 157.8 million in the quarter. It has now lost 6.4 million subscribers over the last two quarters.
Company commentary "We’re pleased with our accomplishments this quarter, including the improved financial performance of our streaming business, which reflect the strategic changes we’ve been making throughout the company to realign Disney for sustained growth and success," Robert A. Iger, CEO of the company said in a statement. "From movies to television, to sports, news, and our theme parks, we continue to deliver for consumers, while establishing a more efficient, coordinated, and streamlined approach to our operations," he concluded. The stock was down by over -8% on Thursday, trading at around $92.66 a share.
Stock performance 1 month: -8.31% 3 months: -8.31% Year-to-date: +6.42% 1 year: -11.36% Walt Disney price targets Morgan Stanley: $120 Wells Fargo: $147 Deutsche Bank: $135 Barclays: $107 Guggenheim: $130 Citigroup: $130 JP Morgan: $135 Credit Suisse: $133 Bank of America: $135 Walt Disney is the 63 rd largest company in the world with a market cap of $170.34 billion, according to CompaniesMarketCap. You can trade The Waly Disney Company (NYSE: DIS) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: The Waly Disney Company, TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, CompaniesMarketCap, Wikipedia, MarketBeat
Uber Technologies Inc. (NYSE: UBER) announced first quarter results before the market open in the US on Tuesday. World’s largest ridesharing company beat analyst expectations for the quarter, sending the stock price higher. Company overview Founded: March 2009 Headquarters: San Francisco, California, United States Number of employees: 32,800 (2022) Industry: Transportation Key people: Ronald Sugar (Chairman), Dara Khosrowshahi (CEO) The results Uber reported revenue of $8.823 billion (up by 29% vs Q1 2022) vs. $8.703 billion expected.
The company reported loss per share of -$0.08 per share vs. estimate of -$0.087 loss per share. CEO commentary "We significantly accelerated Q1 trip growth to 24% from 19% last quarter, with Mobility trip growth of 32%, as a result of improved earner and consumer engagement,” Dara Khosrowshahi, CEO of Uber said in a letter to shareholders. "Looking ahead, we are focused on extending our product, scale and platform advantages to sustain market-leading top and bottom-line growth beyond 2023," Khosrowshahi added. The stock was up +11.55% on Tuesday at $36.53 a share.
Stock performance 1 month: +16.34% 3 months: +18.07% Year-to-date: +47.67% 1 year: +23.92% Uber price targets Wedbush: $44 Needham: $54 RBC Capital: $46 Deutsche Bank: $44 JMP Securities: $55 Wolfe Research: $45 UBS: $48 JP Morgan: $52 Wells Fargo: $53 Uber is the 196 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $73.54 billion, according to CompaniesMarketCap. You can trade Uber Technologies Inc. (NYSE: UBER) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Uber Technologies Inc., TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap, Wikipedia
The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) announced the latest financial results for the first three months of 2023 before the market open in the US on Monday. The US Beverage company posted solid results for the quarter, beating both revenue and earnings per share (EPS) estimates. Company overview Founded: January 29, 1892 Headquarters: Atlanta, Georgia, United States Number of employees: 79,000 (2021) Industry: Beverage Key people: James Quincey (chairman and CEO), Brian Smith (president and COO) Owners: Berkshire Hathaway (9.23%), The Vanguard Group (7.90%), BlackRock (6.45%) The results The company reported revenue of $10.959 billion vs. $10.797 billion expected.
Revenues were up by 5% year-over-year. EPS at $0.68 per share (up by 6% from the same period last year) vs. $0.646 per share estimate. CEO commentary ''We are encouraged by our first quarter 2023 results,'' James Quincey, CEO of company said in a press release. ''Our system alignment is stronger than ever, and our networked organization is allowing us to adapt as needed.
We continue to invest for the long term, strengthening our capabilities to drive sustainable value for our stakeholders. We have the right portfolio, the right strategy and the right execution to deliver in the marketplace. We are confident in our ability to deliver on our 2023 objectives,'' Quincey concluded.
The latest results did not have a massive impact on the share price on Monday. The stock was up by 0.41% at $64.25 per share. Stock performance 1 month: +4.74% 3 months: +6.69% Year-to-date: +1.02% 1 year: -2.55% The Coca-Cola Company price targets Barclays: $72 Deutsche Bank: $60 Citigroup: $68 UBS: $72 Morgan Stanley: $70 Wells Fargo: $70 Wedbush: $63 Credit Suisse: $64 HSBC: $76 The Coca-Cola Company is the 30 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $277.94 billion, according to CompaniesMarketCap.
You can trade The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: The Coca-Cola Company, TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, TipRanks, CompaniesMarketCap, Wikipedia
World’s largest automaker, Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA), reported Q1 financial results after market close in the US on Wednesday. Elon Musk’s company posted mixed results for the quarter. Let’s take a closer look at how it performed.
Company overview Founded: July 1, 2003 Headquarters: Austin, Texas, United States Number of branches: 764 retail stores/galleries and service centers (2022) Number of employees: 127,855 (2022) Industry: Automotive, renewable energy, artificial intelligence Key people: Elon Musk (CEO), Robyn Denholm (chair) The results Tesla reported revenue that missed analyst estimate at $23.329 billion vs. $23.596 billion expected. Revenues were up by 24% compared to Q1 2022. Earnings per share reported at $0.85 per share (down by -21% year-over-year) vs. $0.846 per share estimate.
The automaker produced 440,808 and delivered 422,875 cars in Q1, up by 44% and 36% year-over-year, respectively. Company commentary ''In the current macroeconomic environment, we see this year as a unique opportunity for Tesla. As many carmakers are working through challenges with the unit economics of their EV programs, we aim to leverage our position as a cost leader.
We are focused on rapidly growing production, investments in autonomy and vehicle software, and remaining on track with our growth investment,'' Tesla said in a letter to shareholders. The company also commented on its pricing strategy: ''Our near-term pricing strategy considers a long-term view on per vehicle profitability given the potential lifetime value of a Tesla vehicle through autonomy, supercharging, connectivity and service. We expect that our product pricing will continue to evolve, upwards or downwards, depending on a number of factors.'' ''Although we implemented price reductions on many vehicle models across regions in the first quarter, our operating margins reduced at a manageable rate.
We expect ongoing cost reduction of our vehicles, including improved production efficiency at our newest factories and lower logistics costs, and remain focused on operating leverage as we scale. ''We are rapidly growing energy storage production capacity at our Megafactory in Lathrop and we recently announced a new Megafactory in Shanghai. We are also continuing to execute on our product roadmap, including Cybertruck, our next generation vehicle platform, autonomy and other AI enabled products.'' ''Our balance sheet and net income enable us to continue to make these capital expenditures in line with our future growth. In this environment, we believe it makes sense to push forward to ensure we lay a proper foundation for the best possible future,'' the statement concluded.
The stock was down by -2.02% on Wednesday at $180.48 a share before the results were announced. Share price dropped by around -3% in the after-hours as investors digested the earnings report. Stock performance 1 month: -5.38% 3 months: +40.44% Year-to-date: +46.83% 1 year: -44.48% Tesla price targets RBC Capital: $217 Barclays: $230 Wedbush: $225 TD Cowen: $170 Deutsche Bank: $250 Goldman Sachs: $225 Citigroup: $192 Tesla is the 8 th largest company in the world with a market cap of $576.43 billion, according to CompaniesMarketCap.
You can trade Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Tesla Inc., TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, Benzinga, CompaniesMarketCap, Wikipedia
Target Corporation (NYSE: TGT) announced Q1 financial results before the market open in the US today. The company posted solid results beating revenue and earnings per share (EPS) estimates. Company overview Founded: June 24, 1902 Headquarters: Target Plaza Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States Number of employees: 440,000 (2023) Industry: Retail Key people: Brian Cornell (Chairman & CEO) The results Revenue reported at $25.322 billion vs. $25.262 billion expected.
EPS reported at $2.05 per share (down by 4.8% year-over-year) vs. $1.766 per share estimate. CEO commentary "We came into the year clear-eyed about the challenges consumers are facing, and we were determined to build on the trust we've established with our guests. It's required agility and the ability to flex across our multi-category portfolio as we lean into value and the product categories our guests need most right now.
Thanks to the team's dedication, we saw an increase in guest traffic in Q1, with total sales increasing and profitability ahead of expectations," CEO of Target, Brian Cornell said in a statement. "As we look ahead, we now expect shrink will reduce this year's profitability by more than $500 million compared with last year. While there are many potential sources of inventory shrink, theft and organized retail crime are increasingly important drivers of the issue. We are making significant investments in strategies to prevent this from happening in our stores and protect our guests and our team.
We're also focused on managing the financial impact on our business so we can continue to keep our stores open, knowing they create local jobs and offer convenient access to essentials." "For the full year, we are maintaining our full-year financial guidance, based on the expected benefit from efficiency and cost-savings efforts and our team's continued focus on agility, flexibility and retail fundamentals in the face of continued challenges including inventory shrink. At the same time, we will continue making long-term investments in our stores, supply chain and our team, positioning Target for profitable growth and market-share gains in the years ahead," Cornell concluded. The stock was up by around 2% on Wednesday at $160.17 per share.
Stock performance 1 month: -0.76% 3 months: -8.37% Year-to-date: +8.21% 1 year: -0.20% Target price targets Telsey Advisory Group: $185 Raymond James: $190 JP Morgan: $175 Morgan Stanley: $170 Credit Suisse: $170 Baird: $195 Cowen & Co.: $200 Piper Sandler: $220 Barclays: $163 Oppenheimer: $190 Wells Fargo: $142 Target is the 193 rd largest company in the world with a market cap of $74.95 billion, according to CompaniesMarketCap. You can trade Target Corporation (NYSE: TGT) and many other stocks from the NYSE, NASDAQ, HKEX, ASX, LSE and DE with GO Markets as a Share CFD. Sources: Target Corporation, TradingView, MarketWatch, MetaTrader 5, CompaniesMarketCap, Wikipedia